Index B

backing-off

Problem formulation | Problem formulation | Linear discounting and backing-off | Linear discounting and backing-off | Linear interpolation | Absolute discounting and backing-off | Absolute discounting and backing-off | Problem formulation | The full trigram model | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Recommendations: m-gram language models | Recommendations: m-gram language models | Linear discounting and backing-off | Linear discounting and backing-off | Absolute discounting and backing-off | Absolute discounting and backing-off | Language model | Language model | Language model | Language model | Language model | Language model

badger

False acceptance rates and

band limiting

Speech quality and conditions

bandwidth

Speech recognition systems | Microphone interfaces | Microphone interfaces | Speech quantity and quality | Speech recordingstorage, and | Speech recordingstorage, and | Recommendation: Requirement profiles | Recommendation: Requirement profiles | Recording on location | Recording on location | Equipment | Microphone | Quantisation and coding | Recommendations on the recording | Amplitude distortions | Description of recording conditions | Reference signals | Modification of speech parameters | Speech quality and conditions | Speech quality and conditions | Speech quality and conditions | Speech quality and conditions | Post-production parameters | Post-production parameters | Speech quality | Recommendations | Example | On-site (local) applications | Listener method | Field tests

Bayes decision rule

Bayes decision rule | Bayes decision rule | Formal definition | Search: Finding the single

beam search

Search: Finding the single | Search: Finding the single | Search: Finding the single | Search: Finding the single | Search: Word graphs

Bellcore Test

Segmental tests at the | Segmental tests at the | Segmental tests at the | Segmental tests at the | Segmental tests at the | Segmental tests at the | Relationships among tests | The Bellcore Test

benchmark

Standards and resources for | Assessment of Spoken Language | Assessment of synthesis systems | How to read this | Recognition score | Reference methods | Assessment parameters | Assessment parameters | Assessment parameters | Assessment parameters | Training | Experimental design of large | Experimental design of large | Language model | Language model | Language model | Test material selection | Test material selection | Evaluation protocol | Methodology | Benchmarks | Benchmarks | Reference conditions | Pre-processing | Segmental tests at the

benchmark test

Recommendation: Requirement profiles | How to read this | Experimental design of large | Spectrographic method | Why speech output assessment? | Benchmarks | Benchmarks | Benchmarks | Benchmarks | Benchmarks

between groups variance

Analysis of Variance | Analysis of Variance

bias

Speaker recruitment | Biases\indexbias | Biases | Biases | Biases | Biases | Experimental procedures | Segmentation | Functional adequacy and user | Example | False acceptance rates and

bidirectional microphone

see microphone, bidirectional

bigram

Language modelling | Knowledge-based vs. stochastic systems | Lexica in selected spoken | Lexica in selected spoken | Lexical databases and system | The lexicon in spoken | Goals of the chapter | Stochastic language modelling | Stochastic language modelling | Stochastic language modelling | Implications of the perplexity | Problem formulation | Problem formulation | Problem formulation | Problem formulation | Linear discounting and backing-off | Linear discounting and backing-off | Problem formulation | Problem formulation | Problem formulation | Problem formulation | Problem formulation | Problem formulation | The full trigram model | The full trigram model | The full trigram model | Computational complexity | Computational complexity | Computational complexity | Computational complexity | Computational complexity | Cache | Cache | Cache | Cache | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Recommendations: m-gram language models | Recommendations: m-gram language models | Recommendations: m-gram language models | Equivalence histories and word | Equivalence histories and word | Equivalence histories and word | Equivalence histories and word | Equivalence histories and word | Grammar based language models | Grammar based language models | Grammar based language models | Grammar based language models | Grammar based language models | Grammar based language models | Grammar based language models | Grammar based language models | Grammar based language models | Grammar based language models | Grammar based language models | Grammar based language models | Recommendations: Refined language models | Recommendations: Refined language models | Search: Finding the single | Search: Finding the single | Search: Word graphs | Search: Word graphs | Assessment parameters | Language model

phone

Stochastic language modelling

binaural processing

Binaural processing | Binaural processing | Simulation of environmental factors

bit-errors

Post-production parameters

black box

Assessment of synthesis systems | Task/Application adaptation | Training | Adding / Removing speakers | Text-to-speech synthesis | Linguistic part | Platforms | Recording chain characteristics | Reference systems | Users of this chapter | Users of this chapter | Users of this chapter | Glass box vs. black | Recommendations on choice of | Recommendations on choice of | Recommendations on choice of | Test procedures | Reference conditions | Black box approach | Field tests | Acoustic aspects | Segmental tests at the | Segmental tests at the | Segmental tests at the | Segmental tests at the | Relationships among tests | Comparing existing systems | How much is being | Black box assessment | Qualitative measures | A core set of | Recommendations on evaluation methodology | Recommendations on evaluation methodology

vs. glass box

Glass box vs. black | Recommendations on choice of

blockage level

System dimension configuration

BNC

see British National Corpus (BNC)

Bode diagram

Amplitude distortions

bracketing paradoxes

Lexical properties and lexical

branching factor

Branching factor\indexbranching factor (perplexity | Branching factor (perplexity | Branching factor (perplexity | Classification of recognition systems

breathy voice

Male / female speakers | Pathological speech | 1. Laryngeal descriptors | 1. Laryngeal descriptors | 1. Laryngeal descriptors | 1. Laryngeal descriptors | 1. Laryngeal descriptors | 1. Laryngeal descriptors | 2. Miscellaneous descriptors | 4. Photoelectric PDIs

British National Corpus (BNC)

Clandestine microphone recordings | Clandestine microphone recordings | Random recordings

bus

expansion

Telephone interfaces | Telephone interfaces

Multi-Vendor Integration Protocol (MVIP)

Telephone interfaces | Telephone interfaces | Connectivity | Connectivity

PC

Platforms

Pulse coded modulation Expansion Bus (PEB)

Connectivity

Signal Computing Bus

Connectivity

Signal Computing System Architecture (SCSA)

Telephone interfaces | Telephone interfaces | Connectivity | Connectivity