Recommendation: Requirement profiles

In this section we will summarise the dimensions of a requirement profile with keywords that will need to be regularly updated and illustrated by potential users.

Environment	Noise type (stationary, speech-like?)
	Signal-to-noise ratio
	Utilisation conditions
	Reverberation , acceleration, vibration

Channel	bandwidth
	distortion
	echo, delay

Task	Lexicon size
	Lexicon confusability
	Perplexity factor
	Dialogue size

Speakers	Speaker dependent/independent
	number of training speakers available
	number of training speakers to record
	typology of users:
	native/non-native ...
	sex,
	age range
	physical/psychological state
	social group
	attitude (motivated...)
	experienced/large public

Speech	amplitude (quiet/normal/shout)
	mode (isolated/continuous)
	fluency (read , spontaneous )
	rate (slow, normal,fast)
	conformity (speech/non-speech sounds)

Vocabulary	Training material available
	Training material to collect?
	task specific/task independent
	environment
	transducer
	channel
	users
	recency
	control of vocabulary switching

In-situ recording	possible/not
(field data)

Rejection mode

Confusion matrix for the
application vocabulary

Task/Application
adaptation
Speech recognition and
application interfaces
Speech input and speech
signal acquisition
Cut-through versus
voice-stop (anticipation)
Error measure presentation
Error handling
Response time

Analogue connection
Analogue to digital
conversion
Digital interfaces
Noise conditions
PTT approval s

Controls:
Transducer level
settings (AGC)

System performance	Recognition error rate
	real-time aspects
	system response-time
	packaging aspects
	(size, weight, power, cost)

Error measure
Speaker verification error
Training
Exploitation
Text dependency /
independency
Speech quantity and quality
Adding/Removing speakers

Error measure
Speaker verification error
Training
Exploitation
Text dependency /
independency
Speech quantity and quality
Adding/Removing speakers

Speech recording, storage,
and playback
Canned speech
Text-to-speech synthesis:	Linguistic part
	Phonetic part
	Acoustic module
	Multi-linguality

A set of keywords, defined by the EAGLES Spoken Language Working Group 5 (meeting of November 1-2, 1993, Cambridge, chaired by Louis C.W. Pols) related to system and application characterisations, is given below for information.

1.	Text coverage	From concept, unlimited text, text
		interpretation (e.g. tables),
		(carrier phrases) plus keywords ,
		punctuation , spell option, style specification
		language

2.	Source	Coding and/or synthesis and/or canned speech
		male/female/child
		style, emotion , rate, dialect
		adaptive to disturbances in channel or with user

3.	Channel	High quality, telephone (handset, mobile, earphone),
		bandwidth , noise , reverberation , competing speech

4.	User	Experience (one-time vs. multiple use), training,
		child-normal-elderly, (non-)native, 2nd language user,
		hearing impairment, (non-)cooperative

5.	Application	Of reading-machine type OR of information-retrieval type?
		Field test of application itself (task completion) OR
		laboratory test of synthesis part alone, either with
		application-specific or application-independent tests.

6.	Functional characteristics	Main emphasis on comprehension, intelligibility, naturalness , or otherwise?
		If intelligibility, then of all words or only of certain words?
		Consider separate evaluation of prosodic component
		If overall quality , then use set of scales (see above)
		Consider secondary tasks
		Performance in direct comparison, or in absolute sense,
		benchmarking
		How important are dialogue aspects (see other subgroups)?

8.	Alternatives and/or
	combined modes	Mouse, screen;
		add visual image;
		multimedia?
		Importance of hands-free, eyes-busy?

9.	Technical details	Size, weight, price, interface, plug-in options,
		DSP board, modularity, diphone basis,
		options, hand-tuning, etc.

Software aspects	Operating systems
	Drivers
	Application programming interfaces
	Application generators

Hardware aspects	Platforms
	Speech processing boards
	Speech input/output interfaces
	Connectivity
	Real-time aspects

Planning for expansion	System simulation and prototyping
	Host-computer interfaces
	Computer telephony integration
	Multi-lingual aspects
	System dimension configuration
	Statistical tools

Blockage factor

Ports 10% 5% 2% 1% 0.5% 0.1%

4 2.05 1.52 1.09 0.87 0.70 0.44

5 2.88 2.22 1.66 1.36 1.13 0.76

6 3.76 2.96 2.28 1.91 1.62 1.15

7 4.67 3.74 2.94 2.50 2.16 1.58

8 5.60 4.54 3.63 3.13 2.73 2.05

9 6.55 5.37 4.34 3.78 3.33 2.56

10 7.51 6.22 5.08 4.46 3.96 3.09

11 8.49 7.08 5.84 5.16 4.61 3.65

12 9.47 7.95 6.62 5.88 5.28 4.23

13 10.47 8.83 7.41 6.61 5.96 4.83

14 11.47 9.73 8.20 7.35 6.66 5.45

15 12.48 10.63 9.01 8.11 7.38 6.08

16 13.50 11.54 9.83 8.87 8.10 6.72

17 14.52 12.46 10.66 9.65 8.83 7.38

18 15.55 13.38 11.49 10.44 9.58 8.05

19 16.58 14.31 12.33 11.23 10.33 8.72

20 17.61 15.25 13.18 12.03 11.09 9.41

21 18.65 16.19 14.04 12.84 11.86 10.11

22 19.69 17.13 14.90 13.65 12.64 10.81

23 20.74 18.08 15.76 14.47 13.42 11.52

24 21.78 19.03 16.63 15.29 14.20 12.24

25 22.83 19.99 17.50 16.12 15.00 12.97

26 23.88 20.94 18.38 16.96 15.80 13.70

27 24.94 21.90 19.26 17.80 16.60 14.44

28 26.00 22.87 20.15 18.64 17.41 15.18

29 27.05 23.83 21.04 19.49 18.22 15.93

30 28.11 24.80 21.93 20.34 19.04 16.68

31 29.17 25.77 22.83 21.19 19.86 17.44

32 30.23 26.75 23.73 22.05 20.68 18.20

33 31.30 27.72 24.63 22.91 21.51 18.97

34 32.36 28.70 25.53 23.77 22.34 19.74

35 33.43 29.68 26.43 24.64 23.17 20.52

36 34.50 30.66 27.34 25.51 24.01 21.30

37 35.57 31.64 28.25 26.38 24.85 22.08

38 36.64 32.63 29.17 27.25 25.69 22.86

39 37.71 33.61 30.08 28.13 26.54 23.65

40 38.79 34.60 31.00 29.01 27.38 24.44

41 39.86 35.59 31.92 28.89 28.23 25.24

42 40.94 36.58 32.84 30.77 29.08 26.04

43 42.01 37.57 33.76 31.66 29.94 26.84

44 43.09 38.56 34.68 32.54 30.80 27.64

45 44.16 39.55 35.61 33.43 31.66 28.45

46 45.24 40.54 36.53 34.32 32.52 29.26

47 46.32 41.54 37.46 35.21 33.38 30.07

48 47.40 42.54 38.39 36.11 34.25 30.88

49 48.48 43.54 39.32 37.00 35.11 31.69

50 49.56 44.53 40.25 37.90 35.98 32.51

51 50.60 45.50 41.20 38.80 36.85 33.30

52 51.70 46.50 42.10 39.70 37.72 34.20

53 52.80 47.50 43.10 40.60 38.60 35.00

54 53.90 48.50 44.00 41.50 39.47 35.80

55 55.00 49.50 44.90 42.40 40.35 36.60

56 56.10 50.50 45.90 43.30 41.23 37.50

57 57.10 51.50 46.80 44.20 42.11 38.30

58 58.20 52.60 47.80 45.10 42.99 39.10

59 59.30 53.60 48.70 46.00 43.88 40.00

60 60.40 54.60 49.60 46.90 44.76 40.80

61 61.50 55.60 50.60 47.90 45.64 41.60

62 62.60 56.60 51.50 48.80 46.53 42.50

63 63.70 57.60 52.50 49.70 47.42 43.30

64 64.80 58.60 53.40 50.60 48.31 44.20

65 65.80 59.60 54.40 51.50 49.19 45.00

66 66.90 60.60 55.30 52.40 50.09 45.80

67 68.00 61.60 56.30 53.40 50.98 46.70

68 69.10 62.60 57.20 54.30 51.87 47.50

69 70.20 63.70 58.20 55.20 52.77 48.40

70 71.30 64.70 59.10 56.10 53.66 49.20

71 72.40 65.70 60.10 57.00 54.56 50.10

72 73.50 66.70 61.00 58.00 55.46 50.90

73 74.60 67.70 62.00 58.90 56.35 51.80

74 75.60 68.70 62.90 59.80 57.25 52.70

75 76.70 69.70 63.90 60.70 58.15 53.50

76 77.80 70.80 64.90 61.70 59.05 54.40

77 78.90 71.80 65.80 62.60 59.96 55.20

78 80.00 72.80 66.80 63.50 60.86 56.10

79 81.10 73.80 67.70 64.40 61.77 57.00

80 82.20 74.80 68.70 65.40 62.67 57.80

81 83.30 75.80 69.60 66.30 63.57 58.70

82 84.40 76.90 70.60 67.20 64.48 59.50

83 85.50 77.90 71.60 68.20 65.39 60.40

84 86.60 78.90 72.50 69.10 66.29 61.30

85 87.70 79.90 73.50 70.00 67.20 62.10

86 88.80 80.90 74.50 70.90 68.11 63.00

87 89.90 82.00 75.40 71.90 69.02 63.90

88 91.00 83.00 76.40 72.80 69.93 64.70

89 92.10 84.00 77.30 73.70 70.85 65.60

90 93.10 85.00 78.30 74.70 71.75 66.50

91 94.20 86.00 79.30 75.60 72.67 67.40

92 95.30 87.10 80.20 76.60 73.58 68.20

93 96.40 88.10 81.20 77.50 74.49 69.10

94 97.50 89.10 82.20 78.40 75.41 70.00

95 98.60 90.10 83.10 79.40 76.33 70.90

96 99.70 91.10 84.10 80.30 77.24 71.70

97 100.80 92.20 85.10 81.20 78.16 72.60

98 101.90 93.20 86.00 82.20 79.07 73.50

99 103.00 94.20 87.00 83.10 79.99 74.40

100 104.10 95.20 88.00 84.10 80.91 75.20

101 105.20 96.30 88.90 85.00 81.83 76.10

102 106.30 97.30 89.90 85.90 82.75 77.00

103 107.40 98.30 90.90 86.90 83.67 77.90

104 108.50 99.30 91.90 87.80 84.59 78.80

105 109.60 100.40 92.80 88.80 85.51 79.70

106 110.70 101.40 93.80 89.70 86.43 80.50

107 111.80 102.40 94.80 90.70 87.36 81.40

108 112.90 103.40 95.70 91.60 88.28 82.30

109 114.00 104.50 96.70 92.50 89.20 83.20

110 115.10 105.50 97.70 93.50 90.12 84.10

111 116.20 106.50 98.70 94.40 91.05 85.00

112 117.30 107.50 99.60 95.40 91.97 85.90

113 118.40 108.60 100.60 96.30 92.89 86.70

114 119.50 109.60 101.60 97.30 93.82 87.60

115 120.60 110.60 102.50 98.20 94.74 88.50

116 121.70 111.70 103.50 99.20 95.67 89.40

117 122.80 112.70 104.50 100.10 96.60 90.30

118 123.90 113.70 105.50 101.10 97.52 91.20

119 125.00 114.70 106.40 102.00 98.45 92.10

120 126.10 115.80 107.40 103.00 99.38 93.00

Table 2.5: Erlang B carried-traffic table

Transducer	microphone (open, press-to-talk)
	telephone (mobile?)

	Blockage factor
Ports	10%	5%	2%	1%	0.5%	0.1%
4	2.05	1.52	1.09	0.87	0.70	0.44
5	2.88	2.22	1.66	1.36	1.13	0.76
6	3.76	2.96	2.28	1.91	1.62	1.15
7	4.67	3.74	2.94	2.50	2.16	1.58
8	5.60	4.54	3.63	3.13	2.73	2.05
9	6.55	5.37	4.34	3.78	3.33	2.56
10	7.51	6.22	5.08	4.46	3.96	3.09
11	8.49	7.08	5.84	5.16	4.61	3.65
12	9.47	7.95	6.62	5.88	5.28	4.23
13	10.47	8.83	7.41	6.61	5.96	4.83
14	11.47	9.73	8.20	7.35	6.66	5.45
15	12.48	10.63	9.01	8.11	7.38	6.08
16	13.50	11.54	9.83	8.87	8.10	6.72
17	14.52	12.46	10.66	9.65	8.83	7.38
18	15.55	13.38	11.49	10.44	9.58	8.05
19	16.58	14.31	12.33	11.23	10.33	8.72
20	17.61	15.25	13.18	12.03	11.09	9.41
21	18.65	16.19	14.04	12.84	11.86	10.11
22	19.69	17.13	14.90	13.65	12.64	10.81
23	20.74	18.08	15.76	14.47	13.42	11.52
24	21.78	19.03	16.63	15.29	14.20	12.24
25	22.83	19.99	17.50	16.12	15.00	12.97
26	23.88	20.94	18.38	16.96	15.80	13.70
27	24.94	21.90	19.26	17.80	16.60	14.44
28	26.00	22.87	20.15	18.64	17.41	15.18
29	27.05	23.83	21.04	19.49	18.22	15.93
30	28.11	24.80	21.93	20.34	19.04	16.68
31	29.17	25.77	22.83	21.19	19.86	17.44
32	30.23	26.75	23.73	22.05	20.68	18.20
33	31.30	27.72	24.63	22.91	21.51	18.97
34	32.36	28.70	25.53	23.77	22.34	19.74
35	33.43	29.68	26.43	24.64	23.17	20.52
36	34.50	30.66	27.34	25.51	24.01	21.30
37	35.57	31.64	28.25	26.38	24.85	22.08
38	36.64	32.63	29.17	27.25	25.69	22.86
39	37.71	33.61	30.08	28.13	26.54	23.65
40	38.79	34.60	31.00	29.01	27.38	24.44
41	39.86	35.59	31.92	28.89	28.23	25.24
42	40.94	36.58	32.84	30.77	29.08	26.04
43	42.01	37.57	33.76	31.66	29.94	26.84
44	43.09	38.56	34.68	32.54	30.80	27.64
45	44.16	39.55	35.61	33.43	31.66	28.45
46	45.24	40.54	36.53	34.32	32.52	29.26
47	46.32	41.54	37.46	35.21	33.38	30.07
48	47.40	42.54	38.39	36.11	34.25	30.88
49	48.48	43.54	39.32	37.00	35.11	31.69
50	49.56	44.53	40.25	37.90	35.98	32.51
51	50.60	45.50	41.20	38.80	36.85	33.30
52	51.70	46.50	42.10	39.70	37.72	34.20
53	52.80	47.50	43.10	40.60	38.60	35.00
54	53.90	48.50	44.00	41.50	39.47	35.80
55	55.00	49.50	44.90	42.40	40.35	36.60
56	56.10	50.50	45.90	43.30	41.23	37.50
57	57.10	51.50	46.80	44.20	42.11	38.30
58	58.20	52.60	47.80	45.10	42.99	39.10
59	59.30	53.60	48.70	46.00	43.88	40.00
60	60.40	54.60	49.60	46.90	44.76	40.80
61	61.50	55.60	50.60	47.90	45.64	41.60
62	62.60	56.60	51.50	48.80	46.53	42.50
63	63.70	57.60	52.50	49.70	47.42	43.30
64	64.80	58.60	53.40	50.60	48.31	44.20
65	65.80	59.60	54.40	51.50	49.19	45.00
66	66.90	60.60	55.30	52.40	50.09	45.80
67	68.00	61.60	56.30	53.40	50.98	46.70
68	69.10	62.60	57.20	54.30	51.87	47.50
69	70.20	63.70	58.20	55.20	52.77	48.40
70	71.30	64.70	59.10	56.10	53.66	49.20
71	72.40	65.70	60.10	57.00	54.56	50.10
72	73.50	66.70	61.00	58.00	55.46	50.90
73	74.60	67.70	62.00	58.90	56.35	51.80
74	75.60	68.70	62.90	59.80	57.25	52.70
75	76.70	69.70	63.90	60.70	58.15	53.50
76	77.80	70.80	64.90	61.70	59.05	54.40
77	78.90	71.80	65.80	62.60	59.96	55.20
78	80.00	72.80	66.80	63.50	60.86	56.10
79	81.10	73.80	67.70	64.40	61.77	57.00
80	82.20	74.80	68.70	65.40	62.67	57.80
81	83.30	75.80	69.60	66.30	63.57	58.70
82	84.40	76.90	70.60	67.20	64.48	59.50
83	85.50	77.90	71.60	68.20	65.39	60.40
84	86.60	78.90	72.50	69.10	66.29	61.30
85	87.70	79.90	73.50	70.00	67.20	62.10
86	88.80	80.90	74.50	70.90	68.11	63.00
87	89.90	82.00	75.40	71.90	69.02	63.90
88	91.00	83.00	76.40	72.80	69.93	64.70
89	92.10	84.00	77.30	73.70	70.85	65.60
90	93.10	85.00	78.30	74.70	71.75	66.50
91	94.20	86.00	79.30	75.60	72.67	67.40
92	95.30	87.10	80.20	76.60	73.58	68.20
93	96.40	88.10	81.20	77.50	74.49	69.10
94	97.50	89.10	82.20	78.40	75.41	70.00
95	98.60	90.10	83.10	79.40	76.33	70.90
96	99.70	91.10	84.10	80.30	77.24	71.70
97	100.80	92.20	85.10	81.20	78.16	72.60
98	101.90	93.20	86.00	82.20	79.07	73.50
99	103.00	94.20	87.00	83.10	79.99	74.40
100	104.10	95.20	88.00	84.10	80.91	75.20
101	105.20	96.30	88.90	85.00	81.83	76.10
102	106.30	97.30	89.90	85.90	82.75	77.00
103	107.40	98.30	90.90	86.90	83.67	77.90
104	108.50	99.30	91.90	87.80	84.59	78.80
105	109.60	100.40	92.80	88.80	85.51	79.70
106	110.70	101.40	93.80	89.70	86.43	80.50
107	111.80	102.40	94.80	90.70	87.36	81.40
108	112.90	103.40	95.70	91.60	88.28	82.30
109	114.00	104.50	96.70	92.50	89.20	83.20
110	115.10	105.50	97.70	93.50	90.12	84.10
111	116.20	106.50	98.70	94.40	91.05	85.00
112	117.30	107.50	99.60	95.40	91.97	85.90
113	118.40	108.60	100.60	96.30	92.89	86.70
114	119.50	109.60	101.60	97.30	93.82	87.60
115	120.60	110.60	102.50	98.20	94.74	88.50
116	121.70	111.70	103.50	99.20	95.67	89.40
117	122.80	112.70	104.50	100.10	96.60	90.30
118	123.90	113.70	105.50	101.10	97.52	91.20
119	125.00	114.70	106.40	102.00	98.45	92.10
120	126.10	115.80	107.40	103.00	99.38	93.00