Index F

F ratio

Ratio of sample variances

face-to-face spoken dialogue translation

What are speech output | Task type

factor

Populationssamples and other | Analysis of Variance | Analysis of Variance | Analysis of Variance | Analysis of Variance | Analysis of Variance | Analysis of Variance | Functional adequacy and user | Functional adequacy and user | Functional adequacy and user | Functional adequacy and user

factorial experiment

Factorial experiments\indexfactorial experiment and | Factorial experiments and corpus | Speech corpora with about | Speech corpora with about | Speech corpora with about

false acceptance

Error measure presentation | Speaker verification errors | Speaker verification errors | Speaker verification errors | Speaker identification error | Speaker identification error | Types of error | Types of error | Definitions | Verification | False acceptance rates and | False acceptance rates and | Relative unreliabilityvulnerability and | Comments | Comments | Comments | Example | Example | Example | Example | Example | Example | Example | Example | Expected benefit | Expected benefit | Threshold setting | Threshold setting | System operating characteristic | System operating characteristic | System operating characteristic | System operating characteristic | System operating characteristic | System characteristic modelling | System characteristic modelling | System characteristic modelling | System characteristic modelling | System characteristic modelling | Example | Example | Example | Open-set identification | Open-set identification | Open-set identification | Open-set identification | Open-set identification | Recommendations | Recommendations | Recommendations | On-site (local) applications | Examples of speaker verification | Examples of speaker verification | Examples of speaker verification | Alternative techniques | Product assessment | Product assessment | Product assessment

false alarm

Progress | Isolated word scoring | Isolated word scoring | Isolated word scoring | Isolated word scoring | Connected or continuous word | Connected or continuous word | Confusions

false rejection

Speaker verification errors | Speaker verification errors | Speaker verification errors | Speaker verification errors | Speaker identification error | Speaker identification error | Types of error | Definitions | Verification | False rejection rates | False rejection rates | Relative unreliabilityvulnerability and | Relative unreliabilityvulnerability and | Comments | Example | Example | Example | Example | Example | Expected benefit | Expected benefit | Expected benefit | Threshold setting | Threshold setting | Threshold setting | Threshold setting | Threshold setting | Threshold setting | System operating characteristic | System operating characteristic | System operating characteristic | System operating characteristic | System operating characteristic | System operating characteristic | System characteristic modelling | System characteristic modelling | System characteristic modelling | System characteristic modelling | Example | Example | Example | Example | Open-set identification | Open-set identification | Recommendations | Recommendations | Recommendations | Recommendations | On-site (local) applications | Examples of speaker verification | Examples of speaker verification | Alternative techniques | Product assessment | Product assessment | Product assessment | Product assessment | Product assessment

FFT data

Spoken language corpus | Introduction

field

Spoken Language systems | Field speech data\indexfield (in-situ | Field speech data | Recommendation: Requirement profiles | Speech corpora with about | Recording on location | Recording on location | Legal aspects | Representative databases | Speaker purpose and other | Design by intuition

field testing

Assessment of Spoken Language | Assessment of Spoken Language | Assessment of Spoken Language | Assessment of synthesis systems | Rejection mode | Application vocabulary and confusion | Recommendation: Requirement profiles | Specifications for speech corpora | Specifications for speech corpora | Assessment purpose versus methodology | Representative databases | Examples of speaker verification | Examples of speaker verification | Alternative techniques | Product assessment | Recommendations | Users of this chapter | Users of this chapter | Users of this chapter | Users of this chapter | Judgment laboratory tests | Field testing | Field tests | Voice characteristics tests | Relationships among tests | Predicting field performance from | Predicting field performance from | Recommendations on design methodology | Recommendations on design methodology | Recommendations on design methodology | Recommendations on design methodology | The environment in which | The environment in which

vs. laboratory testing

Laboratory vs. field | Recommendations on choice of

figure of merit

Isolated word scoring | Connected or continuous word | Reference systems | Users of this chapter

filter bank data

Spoken language corpus | Introduction

finite state automaton

Menu-driven systems

finite state grammar

see grammar, finite state

finite state language model

see language model, finite state

finite state network

Goals of the chapter | Stochastic language modelling | Types of language models | Grammar based language models | Grammar based language models | Search: Finding the single

finite state syntax

see syntax, finite state

first language acquisition

First language acquisition\indexfirst language

fixed-vocabulary speaker recognition system

see speaker recognition system, fixed-vocabulary

flawless speech

The communication chain | The communication chain | Specifications for speech corpora | Recommendations on recording strategies | Recommendations on recording strategies | Transducer characteristics | Transducer characteristics | Amplitude distortions | Signal contamination

flowchart

Specification and design | Specification and design | Additional recommendations

fluency

Speaking fluency | Speaking fluency | Recommendation: Requirement profiles | Pathological speech | Pre-production parameters | Judgment laboratory tests | Field tests

focus

Prosodic labelling in the | Prosodic labelling in the | What are speech output | Word stress | Functions of prosody | Functional tests of prosody | Glass box assessment

foot

Types of approach to | Examples of the two | Prosodic information

formant extraction

Spoken language corpus | Speaker characteristics | Male / female speakers | Male / female speakers | Introduction

frequency distribution

Factorial experiments and corpus | Spectrographic method

frequency response

Microphone | Microphone | Microphone | Microphone | Phones and sones | Phones and sones | Microphones | 2. Unidirectional microphones | 2. Unidirectional microphones | 6. Headsets | 3. Microphone preamplifier | 1. Equalising headphones | 1. Equalising headphones | 1. Equalising headphones | Amplitude distortions | Amplitude distortions | Amplitude distortions | Recommendations on recording chain

frequency spectrum

Periodic and aperiodic motion | Phones and sones | 1. Laryngeal descriptors | 1. Laboratory room | 1. Equalising headphones | 1. Equalising headphones | Linear distortions | Phase distortions | Non-linear distortions | Modification of speech parameters

fricative

Recording on location | Introduction | Manual segmentation | Manual segmentation | Acoustic-phonetic transcription | Progress

full trigram model

Goals of the chapter | The full trigram model | The full trigram model

functional disorder

Pathological speech | Pathological speech | Pathological speech

functional testing

Global vs. analytic assessment | Global vs. analytic assessment | Global vs. analytic assessment | Methodology | Subjects | Test procedures | Functional laboratory tests | Recommendations on functional testing | Judgment laboratory tests | Judgment laboratory tests | Judgment laboratory tests | Field tests | Field tests | Field tests | Field tests | Segmental tests | Segmental tests at the | Segmental tests at the | Segmental tests at the | Segmental tests at the | Functions of prosody | Judgment tests of prosody | Judgment tests of prosody | Functional tests of prosody | Functional tests of prosody | Voice characteristics tests | Voice characteristics tests | Predicting functional behaviour from | Predicting functional behaviour from | Prosodic quality testing

vs. judgment testing

Judgment vs. functional testing | Judgment vs. functional testing

fundamental frequency (F0)

Recording on location | Physical transcription | Types of approach to | Types of approach to | Examples of the two | The ToBI labelling system | The MARSEC labelling | The IPO approach | Provisional recommendations for prosodic | Prosodic information | Prosodic information | Introduction | Periodic and aperiodic motion | Periodic and aperiodic motion | Periodic and aperiodic motion | Periodic and aperiodic motion | Periodic and aperiodic motion | Periodic and aperiodic motion | Periodic and aperiodic motion | The dB scale | Phones and sones | Phones and sones | Phones and sones | Phones and sones | Sampling | 1. Laryngeal descriptors | 1. Laryngeal descriptors | 1. Laryngeal descriptors | 1. Laryngeal descriptors | 2. Miscellaneous descriptors | 3. Average level and | 3. Average level and | 1. Pure-tone audiometry | Microphones | Microphones | 2. Condenser microphones | 2. Unidirectional microphones | 2. Unidirectional microphones | 2. Unidirectional microphones | 2. Unidirectional microphones | 5. Pressure zone microphones | 6. Headsets | Small room acoustics | Small room acoustics | Small room acoustics | Small room acoustics | Small room acoustics | Small room acoustics | Small room acoustics | Small room acoustics | Small room acoustics | Small room acoustics | Small room acoustics | 1. Laboratory room | 1. Laboratory room | 2. Soundproof booth | 4. Anechoic chamber | 3. Microphone preamplifier | Telephone recordings | Telephone recordings | Data collection | Data collection | Data collection | Data collection | Recommendations on microphones | Pitch Determination Instruments (PDIs) | Pitch Determination Instruments (PDIs) | 2. Electrical PDIs | 1. Equalising headphones | 1. Equalising headphones | 1. Equalising headphones | 1. Equalising headphones | Signals and systems | Linear distortions | Linear distortions | Amplitude distortions | Amplitude distortions | Amplitude distortions | Amplitude distortions | Amplitude distortions | Amplitude distortions | Amplitude distortions | Amplitude distortions | Amplitude distortions | Amplitude distortions | Amplitude distortions | Amplitude distortions | Amplitude distortions | Amplitude distortions | Amplitude distortions | Amplitude distortions | Amplitude distortions | Amplitude distortions | Amplitude distortions | Amplitude distortions | Phase distortions | Phase distortions | Phase distortions | Phase distortions | Non-linear distortions | Non-linear distortions | Non-linear distortions | Non-linear distortions | Recommendations on recording chain | Recommendations on recording chain | Description of recording conditions | Description of recording conditions | Reference signals | Reference signals | Reference signals | Hardware devices | Software tools | Modification of speech parameters | Modification of speech parameters | Modification of speech parameters | Modification of speech parameters | Populationssamples and other | Populationssamples and other | Specific calibrated databases | Pre-production parameters

Fuzzy Logic

The lexicon in spoken