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- PABX
- Telephone interfaces | Telephone interfaces | Telephone interfaces | Computer telephony integration | Computer telephony integration | Computer telephony integration | Computer telephony integration
- paired comparison
- Experimental design | Judgment laboratory tests | Relationships among tests | Relationships among tests
- PAM
- see Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
- paradigmatic relation
- Lexical properties and lexical | Lexical properties and lexical | Lexical properties and lexical | Sentence syntax information | Sentence syntax information | Sentence syntax information
- paradigmatic similarity
- Sentence syntax information
- parametric coding strategies
- Quantisation and coding
- Parametric Test Manager
- Predicting field performance from
- parse tree
- Grammar based language models | Grammar based language models | Grammar based language models | Grammar based language models
- parsing
- Lexicon generation | Language modelling | Speech recognition and application | Sophisticated dialogue manager | Lexical databases and system | Sentence syntax information | Grammar based language models | Grammar based language models | Grammar based language models | Scope | Improving existing systems | Interactive complexity of dialogue | Specification and design | Design by observation | Glass box assessment | Correction rate
- morphological
- Applications of morphology | Morphological decomposition | Morphological decomposition
- prosodic
- Prosodic information | Sentence syntax information
- sentence
- Recommendations on lexical surface | Sentence syntax information | Recommendations on grammatical information | Linguistic testing: Creating test
- syntactic
- Morphological decomposition | Syntactic parsing | Syntactic parsing | Linguistic testing: Creating test | Linguistic testing: Creating test
- parts of speech (POS)
- Sentence syntax information | Equivalence histories and word | Recommendations: Refined language models | Comparability across languages
- party
- Definitions | Definitions | Definitions
- pathological speech
- Applications of spoken language | Smoking and drinking habits | Pathological speech\indexpathological speech | Pathological speech | Legal aspects | Legal aspects
- aphasia
- Pathological speech | Pathological speech | Pathological speech | Pathological speech
- cluttering
- Pathological speech | Pathological speech | Pathological speech | Pathological speech
- hoarseness
- Speech pathology | Smoking and drinking habits | Pathological speech | Pathological speech | Pathological speech | Recommendations | 1. Laryngeal descriptors | 2. Miscellaneous descriptors | 2. Miscellaneous descriptors | Voice characteristics tests
- stuttering
- Pathological speech | Pathological speech | Pathological speech | Pathological speech | Pathological speech | Pathological speech | Pathological speech | Pathological speech | Progress
- PCM
- see Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
- PDI
- see Pitch Determination Instruments (PDI)
- performance (vs. competence)
- General linguistic research | General linguistic research | Design by intuition | Design by intuition | Design by intuition | Design by intuition
- period
- Periodic and aperiodic motion | Periodic and aperiodic motion | Periodic and aperiodic motion | Periodic and aperiodic motion | Periodic and aperiodic motion | 2. Miscellaneous descriptors | 2. Miscellaneous descriptors | Reference channels | Modification of speech parameters
- periodic motion
- Periodic and aperiodic motion | Periodic and aperiodic motion
- perplexity
- Language models | Branching factor\indexbranching factor (perplexity | Branching factor (perplexity | Recommendation: Requirement profiles | Lexica in selected spoken | Lexica in selected spoken | Lexica in selected spoken | Lexica in selected spoken | Goals of the chapter | Perplexity definition | Recommendations | Pooling of parameters | Computational complexity | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Experimental results | Equivalence histories and word | Equivalence histories and word | Recommendations: Refined language models | Recommendations: Refined language models | Search: Finding the single | Classification of recognition systems | Classification of recognition systems | Classification of recognition systems | Representative databases | Specific calibrated databases | Specific calibrated databases | Linguistic parameters | Assessment parameters | Test material selection | Test material selection | Test material selection
- formal definition of
- Formal definition | Formal definition
- Personal Computer
- The ESPRIT SAM | Telephone interfaces | System platform | Platforms | Platforms | Connectivity | Computer telephony integration | Software tools | Technical set-up | Technical set-up | Automatic gain control | Examples of speaker verification | Examples of speaker verification
- personal-password speaker recognition system
- see speaker recognition system, personal-password
- phase
- Periodic and aperiodic motion | 1. Laryngeal descriptors | 1. Laryngeal descriptors | 1. Laryngeal descriptors | 1. Laryngeal descriptors | 3. Microphone preamplifier | 4. Wiring and transmission | Data collection | Recommendations on data collection | Insertion-loss compensation | Insertion-loss compensation | Insertion-loss compensation | Linear distortions | Linear distortions | Phase distortions | Phase distortions | Phase distortions | Phase distortions
- phase distortion
- see distortion, phase
- phone
- Speech synthesis | Lexica in selected spoken | Lexica in selected spoken | Lexica in selected spoken | Lexica in selected spoken | Lexica in selected spoken | Lexica in selected spoken | Pronunciation information | Pronunciation information | Stochastic language modelling | Stochastic language modelling | Experimental selection of material | Experimental selection of material | Experimental selection of material | Experimental selection of material | Segmentation | Segmentation | Progress | Progress | Progress | Classification of recognition systems | Recognition score | Isolated word scoring | Isolated word scoring | Training material | Training material | Training material | Training material | Acoustic training | Lexicon | Lexicon | Test material selection | Test material selection | Test material selection | Test material selection | Test material selection | Recommendations on choice of
- phone model
- Lexica in selected spoken | Lexica in selected spoken | Lexica in selected spoken | Lexica in selected spoken | Experimental selection of material | Acoustic training | Lexicon | Test material selection
- phoneme
- Quality measures | Size differences between NL | Psycholinguistic research | Psycholinguistic research | Audiology | Read aloud isolated phonemes\indexphoneme\indexread | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences | Factorial experiments and corpus
| Factorial experiments and corpus
| Factorial experiments and corpus
| Factorial experiments and corpus
| Read speech recordings | Automatic and semi-automatic segmentation | Segmentation and labelling in | Morphologicalsyntactic, semantic and | Citation-phonemic representation | Citation-phonemic representation | Citation-phonemic representation | Citation-phonemic representation | Citation-phonemic representation | Citation-phonemic representation | Broad phonetic or phonotypic | Broad phonetic or phonotypic | Broad phonetic or phonotypic | List of recommendations | Lexical information as properties | Lexica in selected spoken | Lexical databases and system | Lexical databases and system | Pronunciation information | Pronunciation information | Pronunciation information | Pronunciation information | Pronunciation information | Pronunciation information | Pronunciation information | Pronunciation information | Pronunciation information | Pronunciation information | Pronunciation information | Pronunciation information | Pronunciation information | Pronunciation information | Pronunciation information | Pronunciation information | Pronunciation information | Pronunciation information | Pronunciation information | Prosodic information | Types of morphological information | Applications of morphology | Applications of morphology | Applications of morphology | Sentence syntax information | Sentence syntax information | Sentence syntax information | A simple database type: | Corpora | Bayes decision rule | Bayes decision rule | Bayes decision rule | Bayes decision rule | Bayes decision rule | Stochastic language modelling | Stochastic language modelling | Extensions of the perplexity | Extensions of the perplexity | Extensions of the perplexity | Sources of recognition errors | Sources of recognition errors | Sources of recognition errors | Search: Finding the single | Search: Finding the single | How to read this | How to read this | Populationssamples and other | Populationssamples and other | Experimental procedures | Experimental selection of material | Experimental selection of material | Experimental selection of material | Experimental selection of material | Experimental selection of material | Experimental selection of material | Experimental selection of material | Experimental selection of material | Experimental selection of material | Experimental selection of material | Experimental selection of material | Experimental selection of material | Experimental selection of material | Experimental selection of material | Experimental selection of material | Segmentation | Segmentation | Segmentation | Segmentation | Segmentation | Segmentation | Classification | Classification | Progress | Progress | Progress | Progress | Progress | Progress | Progress | Progress | Progress | Progress | Progress | Progress | Progress | Progress | Progress | Manipulatedartificial and diagnostic | Experimental design | Assessment purpose versus methodology | Recognition score | Training material | Unrestricted text-independent systems | Unrestricted text-independent systems | Unrestricted text-independent systems | Glass box vs. black | Global vs. analytic assessment | Test procedures | Test procedures | Test procedures | Recommendations on choice of | Recommendations on choice of | Grapheme-phoneme conversion | Grapheme-phoneme conversion | Segmental tests | Segmental tests | Segmental tests at the | Segmental tests at the | Functions of prosody | Functional tests of prosody | Relationships among tests | Relationships among tests | Relationships among tests | Relationships among tests | Relationships among tests | Relationships among tests | Segmental quality testing | Conclusion: summary of test | CLuster IDentification Test (CLID) | CLuster IDentification Test (CLID) | The Bellcore Test | The Bellcore Test | Overall system characterisation
- phoneme frequency
- Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences | Factorial experiments and corpus
- phoneme model
- Unrestricted text-independent systems | Unrestricted text-independent systems
- phoneme monitoring
- see monitoring, phoneme
- phonemic structure
- Read aloud text fragments | Pronunciation information
- Phonetic Discrimination
- Diagnostic methods with a
- phonetic module
- Text-to-speech synthesis
- phonetic spelling
- Lexica in selected spoken
- phonetically balanced
- The ESPRIT SAM | Speech training material | Lexicon generation | Training | Training | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences | Experimental selection of material | Experimental selection of material | Test procedures | Test procedures | Harvard Psychoacoustic Sentences
- phonetically rich
- Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences
- phonetics
- Spoken Language resources | Phonetic research | Phonetic research | Visibility: open vs. secret | Introduction | Citation-phonemic representation | List of recommendations | A simple sign model | Subjects | Acoustic aspects
- articulatory
- Speech corpora with few
- experimental
- Audiology
- pink noise
- Reference signals
- pitch
- Spoken language corpus | Spoken language corpus | Spoken language corpus | Speech synthesis | Speech synthesis | Factorial experiments and corpus
| Factorial experiments and corpus
| Speech corpora with few | Speaker characteristics | Speaker characteristics | Speaker characteristics | Male / female speakers | Professional vs. untrained speakers | Introduction | Introduction | Recording on location | Examples of the two | The ToBI labelling system | The ToBI labelling system | The ToBI labelling system | The MARSEC labelling | The MARSEC labelling | The IPO approach | The IPO approach | The IPO approach | The IPO approach | Prosodic labelling in the | Prosodic labelling in the | Prosodic labelling in the | Prosodic labelling in the | Prosodic labelling in the | Prosodic labelling in the | Prosodic labelling in the | Prosodic labelling in the | Prosodic labelling in the | Spoken language and written | Spoken language and written | Prosodic information | Anatomical (voice) descriptors | Transducer characteristics | Telephone recordings | Pitch Determination Instruments (PDIs) | 4. Photoelectric PDIs | Recommendations on parallel recordings | Modification of speech parameters | Acoustic-based measures | Acoustic-based measures | Acoustic-based measures | Pre-production parameters | Pre-production parameters | Pre-production parameters | What are speech output | Recommendations on choice of | Recommendations on choice of | Recommendations on choice of | Recommendations on choice of | Recommendations on choice of | Recommendations on choice of | Word stress | Syntactic parsing | Judgment tests of prosody | Judgment tests of prosody | Functions of voice characteristics | Prosodic quality testing | Prosodic quality testing
- Pitch Determination Instruments (PDIs)
- Anatomical (voice) descriptors | Pitch Determination Instruments (PDIs) | 4. Photoelectric PDIs | Recommendations on parallel recordings
- electrical
- 2. Electrical PDIs | 2. Electrical PDIs | 3. Ultrasonic PDIs | 4. Photoelectric PDIs | 4. Photoelectric PDIs | 4. Photoelectric PDIs | Recommendations on parallel recordings
- mechanical
- 1. Mechanical PDIs | 1. Mechanical PDIs
- photoelectric
- 4. Photoelectric PDIs | 4. Photoelectric PDIs
- ultrasonic
- 3. Ultrasonic PDIs | 3. Ultrasonic PDIs | 4. Photoelectric PDIs | 4. Photoelectric PDIs
- pitch movement
- The MARSEC labelling | The IPO approach | The IPO approach | Prosodic labelling in the | Acoustic-based measures | Word stress | Syntactic parsing | Judgment tests of prosody | Judgment tests of prosody | Prosodic quality testing | Prosodic quality testing
- platform
- COCOSDA | System design | Speech data collection | Training | System platform | System platform | Planning for expansion | Computer telephony integration | Recommendation: Requirement profiles | Recommendation: Requirement profiles | Citation-phonemic representation | Examples of speaker verification | Specification and design
- data collection
- Speech recognition systems | Speech data collection
- development
- Training
- PC
- System platform | Platforms | Examples of speaker verification
- playback
- Cut-through versus voice-stop (anticipation) | Speech recordingstorage, and | Speech recordingstorage, and | Speech recordingstorage, and | Canned speech | Recommendation: Requirement profiles | Recording device | Software tools | Technical set-up | Technical set-up | Technical set-up | Technical set-up | Technical set-up | Addition of noise | Addition of noise
- pleasantness
- Quality measures | Amplitude distortions | Global vs. analytic assessment | Judgment laboratory tests | Judgment laboratory tests | Judgment laboratory tests | Field tests | Segmental tests at the | Functional tests of prosody | Voice characteristics tests | Voice characteristics tests | Voice characteristics tests | Voice characteristics tests | Voice characteristics tests | Voice characteristics testing | ITU-T Overall Quality Test | Qualitative measures
- POLYPHONE corpus
- Read aloud isolated sentences
| Read aloud isolated sentences
| Semi-spontaneous speech
| Geographical and sociolinguistic factors
| Recording on location
| Monitoring and validation
| Abbreviations and spelled words
| Orthographic transcription of read
| Non-linguistic and other phenomena
| Non-linguistic and other phenomena
- pooling
- Pooling of parameters | Pooling of parameters
- pop noise
- 1. Pop noise | 1. Pop noise | Recommendations on the recording
- portability
- EAGLES objectives | Connectivity | Connectivity | Recording device | Recording device | Background | List of recommendations | Recommendations on lexicon structure | Examples of speaker verification | Improving existing systems
- POS
- see parts of speech
- pragmatics
- Spoken Language lexica | The transcription of read | Levels and types of | Levels and types of | Morphologicalsyntactic, semantic and | Morphologicalsyntactic, semantic and | Lexica in selected spoken | Basic features of a | Spoken language and written | Lexicon models and lexical | A simple sign model | Pragmatic information | Pragmatic information | Idiomatic information | Idiomatic information | Spoken language lexicon formalisms | Lexicon architecture and lexical | Lexicon architecture and the | Acquisition tools | Bayes decision rule | Stochastic language modelling | Stochastic language modelling | Prosodic quality testing | Interactive complexity of dialogue | Wizard variables | Knowledge databases
- pre-processing
- Speech recognition systems | Speaker-adapted systems | Linguistic part | Linguistic part | Linguistic part | Spoken language corpus | Acquisition tools | Reference systems | Reference systems | Pre-processing | Pre-processing | SAM Standard Segmental
- pre-production parameters
- Speech quality and conditions
- predictive model of performance
- System design | Introduction
- prefix
- The IPO approach | Kinds of lexical unit | Prosodic information | Types of morphological information | Applications of morphology | Applications of morphology
- press-to-talk microphone
- see microphone, press-to-talk
- private switch
- Telephone interfaces | Telephone interfaces
- prompt
- Introduction | Telephone interfaces | Telephone interfaces | Cut-through versus voice-stop (anticipation) | Cut-through versus voice-stop (anticipation) | Cut-through versus voice-stop (anticipation) | Cut-through versus voice-stop (anticipation) | Speech synthesis | Speech recordingstorage, and | Speech recordingstorage, and | Real-time aspects | Real-time aspects | Computer telephony integration | About this chapter | Speaker recognition/verification | Speaker recognition/verification | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud text fragments | Male / female speakers | Interview recordings | Interview recordings | Speaker prompting | Speaker prompting | Recommendations | Recommendations | Recommendations | Microphone | Recommendations | Cost | Frontal visualisation | Frontal visualisation | Recommendations on the visual | Interaction mode with the | Interaction mode with the | Definitions | Definitions | Definitions | Text-dependent systems | Fixed-vocabulary systems | Fixed-vocabulary systems | Fixed-vocabulary systems | Fixed-vocabulary systems | Fixed-vocabulary systems | Fixed-vocabulary systems | Fixed-vocabulary systems | Fixed-vocabulary systems | Unrestricted text-independent systems | Unrestricted text-independent systems | Unrestricted text-independent systems | Unrestricted text-independent systems | Unrestricted text-independent systems | Unrestricted text-independent systems | Unrestricted text-independent systems | Unrestricted text-independent systems | Unrestricted text-independent systems | Reference systems | Reference systems | Examples of speaker verification | System assessment | Design by intuition | Design by intuition | Recommendations on design methodology | Recommendations on design methodology | Recommendations on prompt design | Recommendations on prompt design
- proprietary system
- System platform | Platforms
- prosody
- Spoken Language resources | Spoken Language corpus representation | Linguistic part | Linguistic part | Phonetic part | Recommendation: Requirement profiles | Orthographic identity and phonetic | Orthographic identity and phonetic | Orthographic identity and phonetic | Speech synthesis | Speech synthesis | Read aloud text fragments | Speech corpora with few | Speech corpora with few | Speech corpora with few | Speech corpora with few | Speech corpora with few | Speech corpora with about | Visible recordings | Spontaneous dialogue recordings | Speaker prompting | Speaker prompting | Monitoring and validation | The transcription of read | Levels and types of | Levels and types of | Background | Segmentation and labelling in | Morphologicalsyntactic, semantic and | Prosodic transcription | Provisional recommendations for prosodic | List of recommendations | List of recommendations | List of recommendations | List of recommendations | List of recommendations | Lexical databases and system | Spoken language and written | Spoken language and written | The lexicon in spoken | Kinds of lexical unit | The notion of ``lexical | Pronunciation information | Pronunciation information | Prosodic information | Prosodic information | Recommendations on lexical surface | Recommendations on lexical surface | Recommendations on lexical surface | Types of morphological information | Applications of morphology | Applications of morphology | Sentence syntax information | Pragmatic information | Pragmatic information | Idiomatic information | A simple database type: | A simple database type: | Recommendations on the recording | Modification of speech parameters | Psycholinguistic metrics | Acoustic-based measures | Acoustic-based measures | Speech quality and conditions | Fixed-vocabulary systems | What are speech output | What are speech output | Glass box vs. black | Glass box vs. black | Prosodic reference conditions | Prosodic reference conditions | Prosodic reference conditions | Prosodic reference conditions | Functional laboratory tests | Syntactic parsing | Acoustic aspects | Acoustic aspects | Segmental tests | Segmental tests at the | Segmental tests at the | Segmental tests at the | Segmental tests at the | Prosody | Functional tests of prosody | Functions of voice characteristics | Functions of voice characteristics | Relationships among tests | Introduction | Predicting functional behaviour from | Predicting functional behaviour from | Predicting field performance from | Linguistic testing: Creating test | Linguistic testing: Creating test | Segmental quality testing | Prosodic quality testing | Prosodic quality testing | Voice characteristics testing | Conclusion: summary of test
- functional tests of
- Functional tests of prosody | Functional tests of prosody
- functions of
- Functions of prosody | Functions of prosody
- judgment tests of
- Judgment tests of prosody | Judgment tests of prosody
- prototype
- Assessment of Spoken Language | System capability profile
versus | System in operation versus | System in operation versus | System simulation and prototyping | System simulation and prototyping | Recommendation: Requirement profiles | Computational complexity | Recommendations: Language models and | Product assessment | Product assessment | Segmental tests at the | Multimodal dialogue systems including | Wizard variables
- proximity effect
- 1. Omnidirectional microphones | 1. Omnidirectional microphones | 2. Unidirectional microphones | 2. Unidirectional microphones | 2. Unidirectional microphones | 2. Unidirectional microphones | 3. Bidirectional microphones (figure-of-eight | 4. Anechoic chamber
- pseudo-impostor bundle
- Speaker population size and | Speaker population size and | Speaker population size and | Speaker purpose and other | Recommendations | Example
- PSOLA algorithm
- Speech synthesis | Modification of speech parameters | Why speech output assessment? | Recommendations on choice of | Functional tests of prosody | Segmental quality testing
- PSTN
- Telephone interfaces
- psycholinguistics
- About this chapter | Psycholinguistic research | Psycholinguistic research | First language acquisition | Second language acquisition | Speech pathology | Introduction | Outlook | Test procedures | Test procedures | Test procedures | Functional laboratory tests | Functional laboratory tests | Functional laboratory tests | Functional tests of prosody | Segmental quality testing | Prosodic quality testing
- PTT approval
- Telephone interfaces | Recommendation: Requirement profiles
- public network
- Telephone interfaces | Telephone interfaces | Telephone interfaces
- Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
- Sampling | Sampling
- Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
- Speech recordingstorage, and
- linear
- Quantisation and coding | Quantisation and coding | Recommendations on data collection | Description of recording conditions
- logarithmic
- Quantisation and coding
- Pulse coded modulation Expansion Bus (PEB)
- Telephone interfaces | Telephone interfaces | Connectivity
- pulse detection
- Telephone interfaces | Telephone interfaces | Interactive voice systems | DTMF\indexDTMFpulse detection\indexpulse detection,
- punctuation
- Linguistic part | Recommendation: Requirement profiles | Printable ASCII-strings and continuously | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud isolated sentences | Kinds of lexical unit | Recommendations | Recommendations | Pre-processing | Judgment tests of prosody
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