Index N

n-gram model

Assessment parameters | Language model | Language model | Language model | Language model | Language model | Language modelling

nasal

Pathological speech | Air-flow measurements | Manual segmentation | Automatic and semi-automatic segmentation | Segmentation and labelling in | Acoustic-phonetic transcription | Non-linguistic and other phenomena | List of recommendations | Pronunciation information | Pronunciation information | Levels of text dependence

nasalisation

Segmentation and labelling in | Segmentation and labelling in | Narrow phonetic transcription

nasality

Voice characteristics tests | Diagnostic Rhyme Test (DRT)

National Institute of Standards (NIST)

Standards and resources for | Consultation with the R&D | Assessment of Spoken Language | Experimental design of large | Scoring method

NATO

Spoken Language standards and | Abbreviations and spelled words | Addition of noise

natural language processing (NLP)

Language modelling | Eight main differences between | Eight main differences between | The different nature of | Spoken language systems | Lexical information as properties | Basic lexicographic coverage criteria | Statistical language models | Spoken language lexicon formalisms | Spoken language lexicon formalisms | Design by intuition | Design by intuition | Design by observation | Design by observation | Design by observation

naturalness

Linguistic part | Phonetic part | Quality measures | Recommendation: Requirement profiles | Different types of speech | Read aloud text fragments | Spontaneous speech about a | Clandestine microphone recordings | Physical transcription | List of recommendations | Global vs. analytic assessment | Judgment laboratory tests | Judgment laboratory tests | Judgment laboratory tests | Judgment laboratory tests | Judgment laboratory tests | Recommendations on judgment testing | Recommendations on judgment testing | Segmental tests at the | Segmental tests at the | Segmental tests at the | Judgment tests of prosody | SAM Prosodic Form | SAM Overall Quality | SAM Overall Quality

Neural Network

Speech recognition systems | Knowledge-based vs. stochastic systems | The lexicon in spoken | Role of statistical analysis | Role of statistical analysis | Role of statistical analysis | Sampling | Biases | Estimating proportions | Non-parametric tests | Experimental selection of material | Classification | Baseline performance

newspaper

Eight main differences between | Read aloud isolated sentences | Read aloud text fragments | Speech corpora with few | Speaker recruitment | Speaker recruitment | Classification of recognition systems | Assessment parameters | Acoustic training | Language model | Test material selection | Subjects | Recommendations on choice of | Functional laboratory tests | Functional laboratory tests | Judgment laboratory tests | Field tests | Field tests | Field tests | Pre-processing | Pre-processing | Pre-processing | Grapheme-phoneme conversion | Grapheme-phoneme conversion | Grapheme-phoneme conversion | Grapheme-phoneme conversion | Grapheme-phoneme conversion | Morphological decomposition | Sentence accent | Voice characteristics tests | Voice characteristics tests | Voice characteristics tests | Linguistic testing: Creating test

NIST

see National Institute of Standards (NIST)

node

Grammar based language models | Search: Word graphs | Search: Word graphs | Assessment parameters | Assessment parameters | Assessment parameters | Assessment parameters | Knowledge databases

noise

Spoken Language standards and | Assessment of recognition systems | Assessment of recognition systems | Speech recognition systems | Speaker dependency | Rejection mode | Rejection mode | Channel adaptation/Environment adaptation | Task/Application adaptation | Speech recognition and application | Microphone interfaces | Telephone interfaces | Telephone interfaces | Cut-through versus voice-stop (anticipation) | Menu-driven systems | Recommendation: Requirement profiles | Recommendation: Requirement profiles | Recommendation: Requirement profiles | Correcting errors in the | Sociolinguistic research | Speaker-independent vs. speaker-dependent systems | Isolated words vs. continuous | Channel conditions | Channel conditions | Channel conditions | Recommendations | Recording in a studio | Recording in a studio | Recommendations | Recommendations | Recording on location | Recommendations | Monitoring and validation | Microphone | Microphone | Microphone | Microphone | Microphone | Recommendations | Amplifier/Processor | Recording device | Recording device | Recording device | Orthographic transcription of read | Physical transcription | Non-linguistic and other phenomena | Non-linguistic and other phenomena | Non-linguistic and other phenomena | Non-linguistic and other phenomena | List of recommendations | Basic features of a | Lexical databases and system | The lexicon in spoken | A simple database type: | Conclusion | Periodic and aperiodic motion | Sampling | Quantisation and coding | 2. Miscellaneous descriptors | 2. Hearing relevant habits to 2. Hearing relevant habits | 1. Omnidirectional microphones | 1. Omnidirectional microphones | 2. Unidirectional microphones | 2. Unidirectional microphones | 2. Unidirectional microphones | Recording environment | 4. Anechoic chamber | 4. Anechoic chamber | Studio | Studio | Studio | 2. Microphone | 2. Microphone | 3. Microphone preamplifier | 3. Microphone preamplifier | 3. Microphone preamplifier | 3. Microphone preamplifier | 4. Wiring and transmission | Telephone recordings | Recommendations on microphones | Recommendations on microphones | Recommendations on the recording | 1. Mechanical PDIs | Artificial vs. natural environment | Feedback compensation | Subject conditioning | Non-linear distortions | Description of recording conditions | Reference signals | Reference signals | Progress | Progress | Progress | Progress | Progress | Progress | Progress | Manipulatedartificial and diagnostic | Speech quality and conditions | Speech quality and conditions | Speech quality and conditions | Post-production parameters | Test procedure | Automatic gain control | Recommendations | Example | Transformation of speech databases | Transformation of speech databases | Examples of speaker verification | Forensic applications | Spectrographic method | Human vs. automated | Human vs. automated | Human vs. automated | Field tests | Field tests | From human to automated | From human to automated | Predicting field performance from | Predicting field performance from | Design by intuition | Design by intuition | Design by intuition | Environment characterisation

addition of

Quantisation and coding | Reference methods | Technical set-up | Test procedure | Addition of noise | Addition of noise | Segmental tests at the | Segmental tests at the | Segmental tests at the | Relationships among tests | Conclusion: summary of test

background stationary

Microphone interfaces

equivalent input noise (EIN)

3. Microphone preamplifier

frication

Periodic and aperiodic motion

lexical

see lexical noise

line

Telephone interfaces | see line noise

orthographic

see orthographic noise

pink

see pink noise

pop

see pop noise

signal-to-noise ratio

see signal-to-noise ratio

white

see white noise

noise rejection

2. Unidirectional microphones | 6. Headsets | 6. Headsets | 6. Headsets | Recogniser specific parameters

Noisex

Addition of noise

non-linear distortion

see distortion, non-linear

non-linearities

Telephone interfaces | Microphones | Non-linear distortions | Speech quality and conditions

non-registered speaker

see speaker, non-registered

non-speech sounds

Non-speech sounds | Non-speech sounds

nonsense word

Read aloud isolated words | Read aloud isolated words | Read aloud isolated words | Read aloud isolated sentences | Speech corpora with few | Speech corpora with about | Segmental quality testing

nuclear magnetic resonance imaging

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging | Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging

null hypothesis

Simple hypothesis testing | Simple hypothesis testing | Simple hypothesis testing | Simple hypothesis testing | Simple hypothesis testing | Simple hypothesis testing | Simple hypothesis testing | Simple hypothesis testing | Analysis of Variance | Segmentation