Estonian

VOWELS
The standard Estonian vowel system comprises 9 vowels, all of which can occur single (short) or doubled (long). The vowel /7/ is high-mid back unrounded, in the area of cardinal 15.

SYMBOL	WORD	TRANSCRIPTION
i	risu	risu
ii	riisu	riisu
e	kere	kere
ee	keere	keere
{	käru	k{ru
{{	kääru	{k{\ru
y	nüri	nyri
yy	müüri	myyri
2	köhi	k2hi
22	nööri	n22ri
u	kuri	kuri
uu	kuuri	kuuri
o	pori	pori
oo	poori	poori
7	sõre	s7re
77	sõõre	s77re
A	varu	vAru
AA	vaaru	vAAru

CONSONANTS
The consonant system comprises 17 consonant phonemes, all of which can occur single (short) or double (long). Those symbolised with /'/ are palatalised.

SYMBOL	WORD	TRANSCRIPTION
p	taba	tApA
pp	tapa	tAppA
t	padu	pAtu
tt	patu	pAttu
k	kagu	kAku
kk	kaku	kAkku
t'	padi	pAt'i
t't	pati	pAt'ti
f	foori	foori
ff	tufi	tuffi
v	tuvi	tuvi
vv	kavva	kAvvA

SYMBOL	WORD	TRANSCRIPTION
s	kasu	kAsu
ss	kassa	kAssA
S	s<efi looz<i	Seffi looSi
SS	tus<i	tuSSi
h	sahin	sAhin
hh	s<ahhi	SAhhi
s'	kasi	kAs'i
s's	kassi	kAs'si
m	samas	sAmAs
mm	sammas	sAmmAs
n	kana	kAnA
nn	kanna	kAnnA
n'	pani	pAn'i
n'n	panni	pAn'ni
l	kalas	kAlAs
ll	kallas	kAllAs
l'	pali	pAl'i
l'l	palli	pAl'li
r	varas	vArAs
rr	varras	vArrAs
j	maja	mAjA
jj	majja	mAj:jA

WORD ACCENT
There are two types of word accent: ``light'' and ``heavy''. The heavy accent implies additional duration, and is shown in SAMPA by using the length mark after the appropriate segmental symbol. The interaction of these two accents with single and double segments produces segmental contrasts of short vs. long vs. overlong.

(short, light)	nagi	nAki
(long cons., light)	maki	mAkki
(long cons., heavy)	makki	mAk:ki
(long vowel, light)	maagi	mAAki
(long vowel, heavy)	maagi	mAA:ki