Education
- 1990 - Habilitation at Freie Universität Berlin, Faculty of Economics
- 1980 - Second State Examination, Universität Hamburg
- 1979 - Dissertation at Universität Hamburg
- 1975 - First State Examination, Universität Hamburg
Professional Career
- Since 1991: Full professor of East European History, Bielefeld University
- 1991: Replacement Professorship "Comparative Health and Social Policy", Justus-Liebig-Universität, Gießen
- 1988 - 1990: Assistant professor, International Agricultural Policy, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Gießen
- 1982 - 1988: Assistant professor, Social and Economic History, Freie Universität Berlin
- 1980 - 1982: Research grant, FAZIT-Stiftung, Frankfurt/Main
Honorary Doctorates
- 2003 - Mongolian State University of Education, Ulan Bator
- 1998 - Yaroslavl‘ State Pedagogical University