Some systems offer a sophisticated dialogue manager based on an understanding procedure and different modules of the dialogue manager such as a user profile (to tune the dialogue to each speaker), a task model (in order to allow rapid customisation of the dialogue manager to suit a specific task), a user-belief module (to account for the expectations of the user at a given point in the dialogue). The objective of such dialogue manager is to parse and identify the application relevant parameters and to instantiate a semantic structure that matches the user query before accessing the application database.